Humans no longer have exclusive control over training social robots to interact effectively, thanks to a new study from the University of Surrey and the University of Hamburg.

The study, presented at the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), introduces a new simulation method that lets researchers test their social robots without needing human participants, making research faster and scalable.

Using a humanoid robot, the research team developed a dynamic scanpath prediction model to help the robot predict where a person would look in a social setting. The model was tested using two publicly available datasets, and the researchers demonstrated that humanoid robots were capable of mimicking human-like eye movements.

Dr. Di Fu, co-lead of the study and lecturer in cognitive neuroscience at the University of Surrey, said, “Our method allows us to test whether a robot is paying attention to the right things—just as a human would—without needing real-time human supervision. What’s exciting is that the model remains accurate even in noisy, unpredictable environments, making it a promising tool for real-world applications like education, health care, and customer service.”

Social robots are designed to interact with people using speech, gestures, and expressions, making them useful in education, health care, and customer service. Examples of social robots also include Pepper, a retail assistant, and Paro, a therapeutic robot for dementia patients.

The research team matched how their model worked in the real world to that of a simulated one, projecting human gaze priority maps onto a screen to compare the robot’s predicted attention focus with real-world data. This allowed for direct evaluation of social attention models in realistic conditions, reducing the need for large-scale human-robot interaction studies in the early phases of research.

Dr. Fu comments, “Using robotic simulations instead of early-stage human trials is a major step forward for social robotics. It means we can test and refine social interaction models at scale, making robots better at understanding and responding to people. Next, we want to apply this approach to areas like social awareness in robot embodiment and explore how it can work in more complex social settings and different types of robots.”